{"id":6795,"date":"2011-04-17T17:42:54","date_gmt":"2011-04-17T16:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=6795"},"modified":"2026-06-07T19:25:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T18:25:41","slug":"the-beauty-of-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=6795","title":{"rendered":"The Beauty of Diagrams"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"758\" height=\"140\" data-attachment-id=\"6797\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6797\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"758,140\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6797\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD.jpg 758w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD-300x55.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD-150x27.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TBD-400x73.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Series in which mathematician <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marcus du Sautoy<\/a> explores the stories behind some of the world\u2019s most familiar and influential scientific diagrams.<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div><strong>Vitruvian Man<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>1\/6. Exploring the story behind Leonardo da Vinci&#8217;s diagram of the perfect human body.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\"><strong>Copernicus<\/strong> <abbr title=\"Episode 2 of 6\"><br \/><\/abbr>2\/6. Marcus du Sautoy tells the story behind Copernicus&#8217;s diagram of a sun-centred universe.<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div>\n<div><strong>Newton&#8217;s Prism<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>3\/6. The story behind Newton&#8217;s diagram of a prism which showed that white light is not pure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div>\n<div><strong>Florence Nightingale<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>4\/6. Florence Nightingale&#8217;s rose diagram showed the importance of better hospital sanitation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div>\n<div><strong>DNA<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>5\/6. Marcus du Sautoy explores the story behind the diagram of the DNA double helix.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">\n<div>\n<div><strong>Pioneer Plaque<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>6\/6. The story behind a diagram placed on a space probe to explain mankind to ET life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li>Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b00w5675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BBC Four &#8211; The Beauty of Diagrams<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<style>.embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }<\/style><div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/videoseries?list=PL2364C9DD05C26465\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<p><ul id='GTTabs_ul_6795' class='GTTabs' style='display:none'>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_0_6795' class='GTTabs_curr'><a  id=\"6795_0\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('1. Vitruvian Man'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>1. Vitruvian Man<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_1_6795' ><a  id=\"6795_1\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('2. Copernicus'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>2. Copernicus<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_2_6795' ><a  id=\"6795_2\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('3. Newnton\u00b4s Prism'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>3. Newnton\u00b4s Prism<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_3_6795' ><a  id=\"6795_3\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('4. Florence Nightingale'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>4. Florence Nightingale<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_4_6795' ><a  id=\"6795_4\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('5. DNA'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>5. DNA<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_5_6795' ><a  id=\"6795_5\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('6. Pioneer Plaque'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>6. Pioneer Plaque<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs GTTabs_curr_div' id='GTTabs_0_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>1. Vitruvian Man<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6798\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6798\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; Vitruvian Man\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6798\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - Vitruvian Man\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-VitruvianMan.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>He looks at <a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leonardo_da_Vinci\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leonardo da Vinci<\/a>&#8216;s world-famous diagram of the perfect human body, which has many layers from anatomy to architecture, and defines our species like no other drawing before or since. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vitruvian_Man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Vitruvian Man<\/a>, drawn in the 1480s when he was living and working in Milan, has become one of the most famous images in the world. Leonardo&#8217;s drawings form a vast body of work, covering every imaginable subject in spectacular detail: from feet, skulls and hands to muscles and sinews; from hearts and lungs to buildings, bridges and flying machines.<\/p>\n<p>Vitruvian Man perfectly synthesises Leonardo&#8217;s passions for anatomy, for the mechanics of the human body and for geometry. It is also full of surprises, illustrating an ancient architectural riddle set out 1,500 years earlier by the classical writer Vitruvius about the relative proportions of buildings and men; a riddle that, even today, still fascinates and beguiles experts and viewers alike.<\/p>\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(1,6795)'>2. Copernicus &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_1_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>2. Copernicus<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6799\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6799\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; Copernicus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6799\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - Copernicus\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-Copernicus.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>When Polish priest and astronomer <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolaus_Copernicus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nicolaus Copernicus<\/a> developed his extraordinary theory of a sun-centred universe 500 years ago, he was flying in the face of both science and religion. Mankind had believed for thousands of years that the earth was at the centre of the cosmos, and to disagree was to risk derision and accusations of heresy.<\/p>\n<p>For decades he was too afraid to publish, but the arrival of a young German scientist gave Copernicus courage, and his book and its extraordinary diagram were published in 1543, when he was on his deathbed. His image of the heliocentric universe changed forever our understanding of the Cosmos, and of our place in it.<\/p>\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(0,6795)'>&lt;&lt; 1. Vitruvian Man<\/a><\/span><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(2,6795)'>3. Newnton\u00b4s Prism &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_2_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>3. Newnton\u00b4s Prism<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6800\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6800\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; Newton&amp;#8217;s Prism\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6800\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - Newton's Prism\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-NewtonsPrism.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>In the mid-1660s, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Newton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Isaac Newton<\/a> bought a pair of prisms at a fair near Cambridge, which were to be the basis of a series of experiments that would unlock a secret that had occupied scientists for centuries &#8211; the nature of light itself.<\/p>\n<p>To explain what he had done, Newton created a diagram. It is called <a href=\"http:\/\/microcosmos.uchicago.edu\/microcosmos_new\/newton\/glassworks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crucial Experiment<\/a> and is a pivotal image in scientific history, a graphic moment when the ancient world was overturned by modern science. Newton demonstrated that white light is not pure, but made up of a number of different colours, the colours of the rainbow.<\/p>\n<p>Newton&#8217;s ideas transformed our knowledge of what we see and how we see, and the prism and its refracted colours became a captivating image. From fibre-optics to the cover of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pink Floyd&#8217;s Dark Side of the Moon<\/a> album, Newton&#8217;s work went on to influence centuries of science and art.<\/p>\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(1,6795)'>&lt;&lt; 2. Copernicus<\/a><\/span><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(3,6795)'>4. Florence Nightingale &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_3_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>4. Florence Nightingale<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6801\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6801\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; Florence Nightingale\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6801\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - Florence Nightingale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-FlorenceNightingale.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>Can a diagram save lives? <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence_Nightingale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Florence Nightingale<\/a> is best known as the Lady of the Lamp, who cared for thousands of soldiers in appalling conditions during the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimean_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crimean War<\/a> of 1854-6. What is less well-known is that she was a superb statistician, and the first to use a statistical graphic as a call to action.<\/p>\n<p>After the war, Nightingale wrote a passionate report on why the soldiers had died in such large numbers and it revealed the astonishing fact that out of 18,000 deaths, 16,000 had been due to infectious diseases in hospital rather than battle wounds. The report included her revolutionary and controversial &#8216;Rose Diagram&#8217;, whose message was potent and direct &#8211; hospitals can kill. The diagram was designed to persuade the British government that, if sanitation in hospitals was improved, many deaths could be avoided. Nightingale&#8217;s pioneering diagram was a catalyst in the creation of better and cleaner hospitals that would go on to save thousands of lives.<\/p>\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(2,6795)'>&lt;&lt; 3. Newnton\u00b4s Prism<\/a><\/span><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(4,6795)'>5. DNA &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_4_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>5. DNA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6802\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6802\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; DNA\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6802\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - DNA\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-DNA.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>In the last hundred years, one diagrammatic image stands above all others. It represents a scientific breakthrough that has been voted the most significant in the 20th century, more important than penicillin or the first working computer.<\/p>\n<p>The double helix shows us what the structure of our <a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ADN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNA<\/a> looks like. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Crick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Francis Crick<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_D._Watson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">James Watson<\/a> announced their discovery in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/171737a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature magazine in April 1953<\/a>, and their article included a diagram of the structure by<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odile_Crick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Odile Crick<\/a>. The image she drew has become so well known and loved that we now find it in a whole range of consumer products &#8211; there are double helix ties, dogs chews and even a perfume.<\/p>\n<p>So has the image of the double helix become so divorced from its original scientific setting that no one knows what it really is or what it stands for?<\/p>\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(3,6795)'>&lt;&lt; 4. Florence Nightingale<\/a><\/span><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(5,6795)'>6. Pioneer Plaque &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_5_6795'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>6. Pioneer Plaque<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"6803\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=6803\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams &amp;#8211; Pioneer Plaque\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque.jpg\" class=\"alignright wp-image-6803\" title=\"The Beauty of Diagrams - Pioneer Plaque\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/TheBeautyofDiagrams-PioneerPlaque.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/a>When the unmanned space probe <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pioneer_10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pioneer 10<\/a>\u00a0took off from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cape_Canaveral\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cape Canaveral<\/a> in March 1972, it had on board a remarkable diagram. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pioneer_plaque\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Pioneer Plaque<\/a> was designed to communicate fundamental facts about Earth and its inhabitants to life on other planets. In carefully engraved graphic images and mathematical symbols, the plaque would reveal the Earth&#8217;s location in the solar system and show extra-terrestrial intelligent life what human beings looked like.<\/p>\n<p>But how could one single diagram do all that &#8211; what do you put in and what do you leave out? With its naked human figures, the plaque sparked arguments amongst feminists and conservatives.<\/p>\n<p>So was it, in the end, a great intellectual game or was it the most enterprising, artistic and scientific diagram of all time, perhaps even the ultimate diagram?<\/p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_6795' onClick='GTTabs_show(4,6795)'>&lt;&lt; 5. DNA<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Series in which mathematician Marcus du Sautoy explores the stories behind some of the world\u2019s most familiar and influential scientific diagrams.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21207,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3,7],"tags":[164,40,162,11,163],"series":[],"class_list":["post-6795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-e-tecnologia","category-matematica","category-video","tag-florence-nightingale","tag-isaac-newton","tag-leonardo-da-vinci","tag-marcus-du-sautoy","tag-nicolau-copernico"],"views":5117,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/The_Beauty_of_Diagrams-b_520x245.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6795"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28095,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6795\/revisions\/28095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6795"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=6795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}