{"id":17294,"date":"2020-11-04T23:59:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T23:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=17294"},"modified":"2020-11-05T14:25:33","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T14:25:33","slug":"the-mechanical-universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=17294","title":{"rendered":"The Mechanical Universe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><ul id='GTTabs_ul_17294' class='GTTabs' style='display:none'>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_0_17294' class='GTTabs_curr'><a  id=\"17294_0\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('Introduction'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>Introduction<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_1_17294' ><a  id=\"17294_1\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('Background'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>Background<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_2_17294' ><a  id=\"17294_2\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks('Contents'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'>Contents<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs GTTabs_curr_div' id='GTTabs_0_17294'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>Introduction<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>The Mechanical Universe&#8230;and Beyond<\/em>\u00a0is a critically-acclaimed series of 52 thirty-minute videotape programs covering the basic topics of an introductory university physics course. The series was originally produced as a broadcast telecourse by the California Institute of Technology and Intelecom, Inc. with program funding from the Annenberg\/CPB Project.<br \/><br \/>Each program in the series opens and closes with Caltech Professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~dg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Goodstein<\/a>\u00a0providing philosophical, historical and often humorous insight into the subject at hand while lecturing to his freshman physics class.\u00a0<em>The Mechanical Universe<\/em>\u00a0contains hundreds of computer animation segments, created by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20020806153554\/http:\/\/www.research.microsoft.com\/users\/blinn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. James F. Blinn<\/a>, as the primary tool of instruction. Dynamic location footage and historical re-creations are also used to stress the fact that science is a human endeavor.<br \/><br \/>Upon completion of the broadcast telecourse, Professor\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20011211195137\/http:\/\/phys.udallas.edu\/C3P\/prjstaff.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Richard Olenick<\/a>, Associate Project Director, received funding from the National Science Foundation to produce a seven-hour High School Adaptation suitable for high school physics students.\u00a0<em>The Mechanical Universe<\/em>\u00a0has been translated into nine languages, and a Spanish language version of the High School Adaptation has just been completed.<br \/><br \/>The series has been broadcast as a telecourse over the PBS television network and can still be seen on many PBS stations. Available on consumer VHS videocassette and laserdisc, and accompanied by textbooks,\u00a0<em>The Mechanical Universe<\/em>\u00a0is arguably the most successful attempt to date to use video technology in the presentation of rigorous physics instruction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17294' onClick='GTTabs_show(1,17294)'>Background &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_1_17294'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>Background<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>The Mechanical Universe<\/em>\u00a0is based on the physics course developed by Dr. David Goodstein at the California Institute of Technology. It was one of twelve projects initially selected for funding by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030621181444\/https:\/\/www.learner.org\/resources\/resource.html?uid=42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Annenberg\/CPB Project<\/a>. Course development began with the creation of a set of\u00a0<em>phantom lectures<\/em>\u00a0for the 52 lessons, covering the scientific revolution begun by Copernicus through to current quantum theory. The project was a joint production of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.caltech.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caltech<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.intelecom.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Intelecom<\/a>, the largest college television consortia in the United States. The production team included distinguished scientists, video industry professionals, and gifted educators all working in collaboration.<br \/><br \/>To ensure the highest degree of academic and technical quality, a series of checks and balances was built into the development process. Each program underwent rigorous evaluation by an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~tmu\/mu_acad.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">academic team<\/a>\u00a0and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~tmu\/mu_prod.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">production team<\/a>, as well as an Oversight Committee, a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~tmu\/mu_lac.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Local Advisory Committee<\/a>\u00a0of educators and a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~tmu\/mu_nac.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Advisory Committee<\/a>\u00a0comprised of distinguished professionals in film, science, education, and national affairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17294' onClick='GTTabs_show(0,17294)'>&lt;&lt; Introduction<\/a><\/span><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17294' onClick='GTTabs_show(2,17294)'>Contents &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_2_17294'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b>Contents<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>The Mechanical Universe&#8230;and Beyond<\/em> was designed to cover the typical curriculum of a university freshman physics course. As an aid in viewing the topics and subject matter found in the 52 programs, one version of the Table of Contents is presented below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The Mechanical Universe<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 5186px;\" width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><strong>Episode number<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><strong>Directed by<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><strong>Written by<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><strong>Episode&nbsp;<em>via<\/em><br>YouTube<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Introduction&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XtMmeAjQTXc\">1<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Brief overview of the material in the first 26 episodes.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;The Law of Falling Bodies&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=livG1fp-q8s\">2<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>How falling bodies behave and an introduction to the&nbsp;derivative.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Derivatives&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Pamela Kleibrink<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=szCChCc58dg\">3<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Review of the mathematical operation the derivative.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Inertia&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Albert Abrams<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=l2NtOYrLeFo\">4<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>How&nbsp;Galileo&nbsp;used the&nbsp;law of inertia&nbsp;to answer questions about the stars.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Vectors&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Deane Rink<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MWrOozSSdW8\">5<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Vectors&nbsp;not only have a magnitude but also a direction.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Newton&#8217;s Laws&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Ronald J. Casden<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tsJMfy2GH0A\">6<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Newton&#8217;s&nbsp;first, second and third laws.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Integration&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Seth Hill &amp; Tom M. Apostol<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=w6ynSbzPhjc\">7<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Integration&nbsp;and&nbsp;differentiation&nbsp;are inverse operations of each other.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;The Apple and the Moon&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jDoQYrwc7EA\">8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>An apple falls and the Moon orbits the Earth because of&nbsp;gravity.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Moving in Circles&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Deane Rink<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=MSUkQXA5_bU\">9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>A body in uniform circular motion has both constant speed and constant&nbsp;acceleration.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Fundamental Forces&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QonjGa9EPNI\">10<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Gravity,&nbsp;electromagnetism, and the&nbsp;strong&nbsp;and&nbsp;weak&nbsp;nuclear forces.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Gravity, Electricity, Magnetism&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eRzqL9BAeYA\">11<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>How&nbsp;electricity&nbsp;and&nbsp;magnetism&nbsp;relate to the&nbsp;speed of light.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;The Millikan Experiment&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Albert Abrams<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sUc13Q8CF3s\">12<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Millikan&#8217;s demonstration&nbsp;to accurately measure the&nbsp;charge&nbsp;of an&nbsp;electron.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Conservation of Energy&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Seth Hill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8BDHN2bY1bg\">13<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Energy&nbsp;cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Potential Energy&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QZ4j0aUwBr8\">14<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Systems that are stable are at their lowest&nbsp;potential energy.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Conservation of Momentum&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter Robinson<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Jack George Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=B44InZz-_pE\">15<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Momentum&nbsp;is&nbsp;conserved&nbsp;when two or more bodies interact.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Harmonic Motion&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Ronald J. Casden<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EqYnW67cp58\">16<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Disturbing stable systems will produce&nbsp;simple harmonic motion.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Resonance&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Ronald J. Casden<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ODs4eyQTz5Y\">17<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Resonance&nbsp;is produced when the&nbsp;frequency&nbsp;of a disturbing force comes close to the natural harmonic frequency of a system.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Waves&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Ronald J. Casden<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q-psD5Hzqfg\">18<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Waves&nbsp;are a series of disturbances that propagate through solids, liquids and gases.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Angular Momentum&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Jack George Arnold<br>&amp; David L. Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jvUcqZlMS8s\">19<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Objects traveling in circles have&nbsp;angular momentum.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Torques and Gyroscopes&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Jack George Arnold<br>&amp; David L. Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r5YM96mA9pk\">20<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>A&nbsp;force&nbsp;acting on a spinning object can cause it to&nbsp;precess.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Kepler&#8217;s Three Laws&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Seth Hill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uJvOGp1wzTI\">21<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Kepler&nbsp;discovered the orbits of the planets are&nbsp;ellipses.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;The Kepler Problem&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Seth Hill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0tSmY4fn5xY\">22<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Newton proved that an inverse-square law of gravity implies that celestial bodies move in orbits that are&nbsp;conic sections.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Energy and Eccentricity&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Seth Hill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rTdduAErWwQ\">23<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The conservation of energy and angular momentum help determine how&nbsp;eccentric&nbsp;an orbit will be.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Navigating in Space&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KNHd__ed40M\">24<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The laws that describe&nbsp;planetary motion&nbsp;are used to&nbsp;navigate&nbsp;in space.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<p>25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Kepler to Einstein&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<p>Don Bane, David L. Goodstein<br>&amp; Jack George Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gkFD9ZPM3Jg\">25<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 146px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Albert Einstein&nbsp;used Newton&#8217;s and Kepler&#8217;s laws to work on his&nbsp;theory of relativity.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>&#8220;Harmony of the Spheres&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>Peter F. Buffa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p>David L. Goodstein<br>&amp; Jack George Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=f3lwtHRLK6w\">26<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 117px;\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 88px;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Harmonizing music to the orbits&nbsp;of the planets.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><em>The Mechanical Universe &#8230;and Beyond<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Episode number<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Title<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Directed by<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Written by<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Episode&nbsp;<em>via<\/em><br>YouTube<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Beyond the Mechanical Universe&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vvi0JtUzBrc\">27<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>An overview of the subject matter for the latter half of the series.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Static Electricity&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pyMmRRIB5yw\">28<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Introducing the concept of&nbsp;electric charge.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Electric Field&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Don Button, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wq9TjQZDrAA\">29<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Michael Faraday&nbsp;gave science the image of the electric field.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Capacitance&nbsp;and&nbsp;Potential&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Graham Berry, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N72oYRZvFzA\">30<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The basics of the capacitor, with a historical emphasis on&nbsp;Benjamin Franklin.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Voltage, Energy, and Force&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0Lx0c0TlzFI\">31<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Furthering the understanding of how electric charges exert forces and do work.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Electric Battery&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Judith R. Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YHHFZpUTLyg\">32<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Thanks to&nbsp;Alessandro Volta&#8217;s invention of the&nbsp;electric battery, we can have steady&nbsp;electrical current.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Electric Circuits&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YMNZ2oYu-qI\">33<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The &#8220;nuts and bolts&#8221; of how electrical circuitry was made practical, featuring&nbsp;Wheatstone,&nbsp;Kirchhoff&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ohm.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Magnetism&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Xr6Z-pLqTPA\">34<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>William Gilbert&nbsp;found that the Earth itself is a&nbsp;magnet, a discovery built upon by modern science.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Magnetic Field&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mFca4UwZB4I\">35<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Electric currents create, and are influenced by,&nbsp;magnetic fields, per the&nbsp;Biot\u2013Savart&nbsp;and&nbsp;Amp\u00e8re&nbsp;laws.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Vector Fields&nbsp;and&nbsp;Hydrodynamics&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Robert Lattanzio<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sB4C3YfSZyU\">36<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Some concepts apply generally to all vector fields and are useful both in electromagnetism and in the study of fluid flow.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Electromagnetic Induction&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ygVZjQK5z-8\">37<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>A changing magnetic field creates an electric current:&nbsp;electromagnetic induction, demonstrated by Faraday in 1831.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Alternating Currents&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=P-uyKrPlH9Q\">38<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>In order to make the distribution of&nbsp;electric power&nbsp;practical over great distances,&nbsp;transformers&nbsp;are used to change the voltages of&nbsp;alternating currents.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Maxwell&#8217;s Equations&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=SS4tcajTsW8\">39<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>By finding the missing conceptual piece in the mathematics of electricity and magnetism,&nbsp;Maxwell&nbsp;discovers light is an&nbsp;electromagnetic wave.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Optics&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Robert Lattanzio<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold, David Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=a-Nc5BhjOEU\">40<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Understanding light as a wave makes sense of&nbsp;reflection,&nbsp;refraction, and&nbsp;diffraction.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The&nbsp;Michelson\u2013Morley experiment&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Don Bane<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Ip_jdcA8fcw\">41<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>If light is a wave, what is waving? By careful and precise measurement, Michelson and Morley tried to detect the Earth&#8217;s motion through this medium, the &#8220;luminiferous aether&#8221;, and found nothing.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The&nbsp;Lorentz Transformation&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Don Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=feBT0Anpg4A\">42<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Einstein realized that, if the speed of light is to be the same for all observers, then distances in space and durations of elapsed time must be relative.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Velocity and Time&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold, Richard Bellikoff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BFLUa0ciMjw\">43<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Einstein arrived at the Lorentz transformation from a deeper conceptual understanding, creating a theory full of surprises like the&nbsp;twin paradox.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Energy, Momentum, and Mass&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lZUrLq0LLIU\">44<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The&nbsp;conservation of momentum&nbsp;still applies in special relativity, but with new implications.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Temperature and the&nbsp;Gas Law&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=eZdUKMDfJ_o\">45<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The study of thermodynamics begins with gases.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Engine of Nature&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mark Rothschild<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Graham Berry, David Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d6eJ8mccvu0\">46<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>An introduction to the&nbsp;Carnot engine, an idealized machine for converting thermal energy into mechanical work.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Entropy&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>David Goodstein, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ufI4TXaevlo\">47<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Further investigation of Carnot engines leads to the concept of&nbsp;entropy.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Low Temperatures&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Judith R. Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3yqOdyfq6cU\">48<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Faraday makes&nbsp;chlorine&nbsp;gas into a liquid, kicking off the pursuit of&nbsp;lower and lower temperatures, culminating in the liquification of&nbsp;helium.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Atom&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>David Goodstein, Jack Arnold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ca10Sz1lPFE\">49<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>The ancient Greeks introduced the notion that matter is made of&nbsp;atoms. In the early 20th century,&nbsp;spectral lines&nbsp;and the discovery of the&nbsp;atomic nucleus&nbsp;forced the development of new ideas.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Particles and Waves&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=STJbtg-p4EA\">50<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Light, which had been thought to be a wave, was found to act in some circumstances like a stream of particles. This puzzle led to&nbsp;quantum mechanics.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;Atoms to Quarks&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Donald Button<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6IWhRffFRc8\">51<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>Understanding the&nbsp;wavefunctions&nbsp;that can be assigned to the&nbsp;electron&nbsp;in a&nbsp;hydrogen&nbsp;atom illuminates the shape of the&nbsp;periodic table of the elements.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8220;The Quantum Mechanical Universe&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>uncredited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>David Goodstein<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tl-C1r3IabY\">52<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>A review of the series.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17294' onClick='GTTabs_show(1,17294)'>&lt;&lt; Background<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li>Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.caltech.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caltech<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/www.its.caltech.edu\/~tmu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Mechanical Universe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"epyt-gallery\" data-currpage=\"1\" id=\"epyt_gallery_61293\"><figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_27471\"  width=\"480\" height=\"270\"  data-origwidth=\"480\" data-origheight=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XtMmeAjQTXc?enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt&#038;autoplay=0&#038;cc_load_policy=0&#038;cc_lang_pref=&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;loop=0&#038;rel=1&#038;fs=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autohide=2&#038;hl=pt_PT&#038;theme=dark&#038;color=red&#038;controls=1&#038;disablekb=0&#038;\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  data-epytgalleryid=\"epyt_gallery_61293\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/figure><div class=\"epyt-gallery-list\"><div class=\"epyt-pagination \"><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"epyt-pagebutton epyt-prev  hide \" data-playlistid=\"PL8_xPU5epJddRABXqJ5h5G0dk-XGtA5cZ\" data-pagesize=\"16\" data-pagetoken=\"\" data-epcolumns=\"4\" data-showtitle=\"1\" data-showpaging=\"1\" data-autonext=\"0\" data-thumbplay=\"1\"><div class=\"epyt-arrow\">&laquo;<\/div> <div>Prev<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-pagenumbers \"><div class=\"epyt-current\">1<\/div><div class=\"epyt-pageseparator\"> \/ <\/div><div class=\"epyt-totalpages\">4<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"epyt-pagebutton epyt-next\" data-playlistid=\"PL8_xPU5epJddRABXqJ5h5G0dk-XGtA5cZ\" data-pagesize=\"16\" data-pagetoken=\"EAAaHlBUOkNCQWlFREl3T0VFeVEwRTJORU15TkRGQk9EVQ\" data-epcolumns=\"4\" data-showtitle=\"1\" data-showpaging=\"1\" data-autonext=\"0\" data-thumbplay=\"1\"><div>Next<\/div> <div class=\"epyt-arrow\">&raquo;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-loader\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"loading\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/gallery-page-loader.gif\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-allthumbs  epyt-cols-4 \"><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"XtMmeAjQTXc\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/XtMmeAjQTXc\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 1: Introduction &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"livG1fp-q8s\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/livG1fp-q8s\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 2: The Law Of Falling Bodies &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"szCChCc58dg\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/szCChCc58dg\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 3: Derivatives &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"l2NtOYrLeFo\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/l2NtOYrLeFo\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 4: Inertia &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-rowbreak\"><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"MWrOozSSdW8\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/MWrOozSSdW8\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 5: Vectors &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"tsJMfy2GH0A\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/tsJMfy2GH0A\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 6: Newton&#039;s Laws &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"w6ynSbzPhjc\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/w6ynSbzPhjc\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 7: Integration &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"f7MTOb8GUwk\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/f7MTOb8GUwk\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 8: The Apple And The Moon &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-rowbreak\"><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"MSUkQXA5_bU\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/MSUkQXA5_bU\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 9: Moving In Circles &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"QonjGa9EPNI\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/QonjGa9EPNI\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 10: Fundamental Forces &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"eRzqL9BAeYA\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/eRzqL9BAeYA\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 11: Gravity, Electricity, Magnetism &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"sUc13Q8CF3s\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/sUc13Q8CF3s\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 12: The Millikan Experiment &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-rowbreak\"><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"8BDHN2bY1bg\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/8BDHN2bY1bg\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 13: Conservation Of Energy &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"QZ4j0aUwBr8\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/QZ4j0aUwBr8\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 14: Potential Energy &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"B44InZz-_pE\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/B44InZz-_pE\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 15: Conservation Of Momentum &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-videoid=\"EqYnW67cp58\" class=\"epyt-gallery-thumb\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img-box\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-img\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/EqYnW67cp58\/hqdefault.jpg)\"><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playhover\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"play\" class=\"epyt-play-img\" width=\"30\" height=\"23\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/playhover.png\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\" \/><div class=\"epyt-gallery-playcrutch\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-title\">Episode 16: Harmonic Motion &#8211; The Mechanical Universe<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-rowbreak\"><\/div><div class=\"epyt-gallery-clear\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-pagination \"><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"epyt-pagebutton epyt-prev  hide \" data-playlistid=\"PL8_xPU5epJddRABXqJ5h5G0dk-XGtA5cZ\" data-pagesize=\"16\" data-pagetoken=\"\" data-epcolumns=\"4\" data-showtitle=\"1\" data-showpaging=\"1\" data-autonext=\"0\" data-thumbplay=\"1\"><div class=\"epyt-arrow\">&laquo;<\/div> <div>Prev<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-pagenumbers \"><div class=\"epyt-current\">1<\/div><div class=\"epyt-pageseparator\"> \/ <\/div><div class=\"epyt-totalpages\">4<\/div><\/div><div tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" class=\"epyt-pagebutton epyt-next\" data-playlistid=\"PL8_xPU5epJddRABXqJ5h5G0dk-XGtA5cZ\" data-pagesize=\"16\" data-pagetoken=\"EAAaHlBUOkNCQWlFREl3T0VFeVEwRTJORU15TkRGQk9EVQ\" data-epcolumns=\"4\" data-showtitle=\"1\" data-showpaging=\"1\" data-autonext=\"0\" data-thumbplay=\"1\"><div>Next<\/div> <div class=\"epyt-arrow\">&raquo;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"epyt-loader\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"loading\" width=\"16\" height=\"11\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/plugins\/youtube-embed-plus\/images\/gallery-page-loader.gif\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Background Contents Introduction The Mechanical Universe&#8230;and Beyond\u00a0is a critically-acclaimed series of 52 thirty-minute videotape programs covering the basic topics of an introductory university physics course. The series was originally produced as a broadcast&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[421,530,200],"series":[],"class_list":["post-17294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-e-tecnologia","category-video","tag-ciencia","tag-fisica","tag-video-2"],"views":1107,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/The_Mecanical_Universe.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17294"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17317,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17294\/revisions\/17317"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17294"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=17294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}