{"id":17166,"date":"2020-11-02T19:12:18","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T19:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=17166"},"modified":"2020-11-02T22:41:52","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T22:41:52","slug":"absolute-zero","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?p=17166","title":{"rendered":"Absolute Zero"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"230\" data-attachment-id=\"17185\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=17185\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,270\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Absolute_Zero_1a\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a-1024x230.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a-1024x230.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a-1024x230.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a-300x68.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a-768x173.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero_1a.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This two-part scientific detective tale tells the story of a remarkable group of pioneers who wanted to reach the ultimate extreme: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Absolute_zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">absolute zero<\/a>, a place so cold that the physical world as we know it doesn&#8217;t exist, electricity flows without resistance, fluids defy gravity and the speed of light can be reduced to 38 miles per hour.<\/p>\n<p>Each film features a strange cast of eccentric characters, including: <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarence_Birdseye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clarence Birdseye<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederic_Tudor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Frederic &#8216;Ice King&#8217; Tudor<\/a>, who founded an empire harvesting ice; and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Dewar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">James Dewar<\/a>, who almost drove himself crazy by trying to liquefy hydrogen.<\/p>\n<p>Absolute zero became the Holy Grail of temperature physicists and is considered the gateway to many new technologies, such as nano-construction, neurological networks and quantum computing. The possibilities, it seems, are limitless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 21%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"17169\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=17169\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Absolute_Zero\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>The Conquest of Cold<\/strong><br>Documentary charting the progress of scientists throughout history who attempted to harness the ultimate limit of cold, known as Absolute Zero.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 21%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" data-attachment-id=\"17169\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/?attachment_id=17169\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,360\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Absolute_Zero\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>The Race for Absolute Zero<\/strong><br>Documentary charting rival attempts to reach absolute zero, the ultimate limit of cold, by scientists in London and Leiden.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li>Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bbcfour\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BBC FOUR<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b007v5rl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Absolute Zero<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><ul id='GTTabs_ul_17166' class='GTTabs' style='display:none'>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_0_17166' class='GTTabs_curr'><a  id=\"17166_0\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks(' The Conquest of Cold'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'> The Conquest of Cold<\/a><\/li>\n<li id='GTTabs_li_1_17166' ><a  id=\"17166_1\" onMouseOver=\"GTTabsShowLinks(' The Race for Absolute Zero'); return true;\"  onMouseOut=\"GTTabsShowLinks();\"  class='GTTabsLinks'> The Race for Absolute Zero<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs GTTabs_curr_div' id='GTTabs_0_17166'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b> The Conquest of Cold<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }<\/style><div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jtLklcHVHic\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Absolute Zero is the ultimate limit of cold \u2013 a Holy Grail as exciting for scientists as the North and South Poles were to the great polar explorers. The Conquest of Cold is an epic journey from dark beginnings to an ultra-cool frontier. For thousands of years it seemed like a malevolent force associated with death and darkness. Nobody had any idea what it was, much less how to harness its effects. Yet in the last hundred years cold has transformed the way we live and work. It is hard to imagine life without refrigeration, air conditioning and liquefied gases that are used in everything from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnetic_resonance_imaging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MRI scanners<\/a> to space rockets.<\/p>\n<p>The Conquest of Cold charts the attempts of many great names in science such as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Bacon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Francis Bacon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Boyle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Boyle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Faraday\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Faraday<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antoine_Lavoisier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Antoine Lavoisier<\/a> to grapple with the perplexing mystery of cold. Beginning with the father of air conditioning, a 17th century alchemist, who turned summer into winter inside the Great Hall of Westminster; and ending with the father of frozen food, Clarence Birdseye, this film traces the remarkable history of how science enabled us to conquer the cold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_next'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17166' onClick='GTTabs_show(1,17166)'> The Race for Absolute Zero &gt;&gt;<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class='GTTabs_divs' id='GTTabs_1_17166'>\n<span class='GTTabs_titles'><b> The Race for Absolute Zero<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; }<\/style><div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eY6D2LjYKzw\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Documentary charting rival attempts to reach absolute zero, the ultimate limit of cold, by scientists in London and Leiden. A second race unfolded 100 years later, towards the end of the 20th century, as scientists attempted to produce a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bose Einstein Condensate<\/a>, a new state of matter predicted by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Einstein<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>With the winner of each scientific race going on to win the Nobel Prize for their work, ultra-cold research has proved to be one of the most competitive fields of modern science.<\/p>\n<div class='GTTabsNavigation' style='display:none'><span class='GTTabs_nav_prev'><a href='#GTTabs_ul_17166' onClick='GTTabs_show(0,17166)'>&lt;&lt;  The Conquest of Cold<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This two-part scientific detective tale tells the story of a remarkable group of pioneers who wanted to reach the ultimate extreme: absolute zero, a place so cold that the physical world as we know&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[421,595,200,594],"series":[],"class_list":["post-17166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-e-tecnologia","category-video","tag-ciencia","tag-frio","tag-video-2","tag-zero-absoluto"],"views":1133,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Absolute_Zero.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/17183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17166"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.acasinhadamatematica.pt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fseries&post=17166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}